車(che)(che)間辦公室(shi)審(shen)核(he)主要(yao)(yao)涉及車(che)(che)間領導和(he)(he)(he)部(bu)分管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員,審(shen)核(he)內(nei)(nei)容是(shi)了解車(che)(che)間的(de)組織(zhi)結構、人員構成、產品(pin)特點和(he)(he)(he)工藝流程。通過交談、查閱文(wen)件資(zi)料,了解企業質量方(fang)針貫(guan)徹(che)情況(kuang)、質量職(zhi)責落實情況(kuang)、文(wen)件資(zi)料控制情況(kuang)和(he)(he)(he)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)綜合情況(kuang),確定現(xian)場(chang)(chang)審(shen)核(he)的(de)具體產品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)關鍵工序,記錄(lu)一些需要(yao)(yao)在現(xian)場(chang)(chang)核(he)對、驗證的(de)一些管(guan)(guan)理(li)規定、質量特性、工藝參數(shu)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)它重要(yao)(yao)事項,為現(xian)場(chang)(chang)審(shen)核(he)作好準備。車(che)(che)間辦公室(shi)審(shen)核(he)要(yao)(yao)點一般包括以下內(nei)(nei)容:
1、向車間領導(dao)和(he)管理人(ren)員詢問(wen)企業(ye)質量(liang)方針、目標(biao)的內容、宣(xuan)貫(guan)方式和(he)宣(xuan)貫(guan)效(xiao)果,詢問(wen)質量(liang)方針、目標(biao)的內涵看是否與(yu)宣(xuan)貫(guan)文件一致。了解企業(ye)質量(liang)目標(biao)在本車間怎(zen)樣(yang)落實,有哪些(xie)(xie)具體指標(biao),完成情(qing)況及發(fa)展趨勢(shi)怎(zen)樣(yang),存在哪些(xie)(xie)問(wen)題,準備怎(zen)樣(yang)解決。
2、向(xiang)車(che)(che)(che)間(jian)領導了解本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)(che)(che)間(jian)組(zu)織(zhi)結構、人員(yuan)構成、產(chan)品特點和(he)工藝(yi)流程(cheng)情(qing)況,了解本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)(che)(che)間(jian)主要承擔哪些(xie)質量體(ti)系要素,還涉(she)及(ji)哪些(xie)要素,這些(xie)活動是(shi)否和(he)怎樣具體(ti)落(luo)實到本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)(che)(che)間(jian)哪些(xie)崗(gang)(gang)位,崗(gang)(gang)位職(zhi)(zhi)責是(shi)否涵(han)蓋(gai)了這些(xie)要素并形成了文(wen)件(jian)。對照崗(gang)(gang)位職(zhi)(zhi)責文(wen)件(jian),看(kan)涉(she)及(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)車(che)(che)(che)間(jian)的(de)(de)質量活動在各類人員(yuan)崗(gang)(gang)位職(zhi)(zhi)責中有(you)無漏項。詢問在場的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)人員(yuan)看(kan)是(shi)否熟(shu)悉本(ben)(ben)(ben)人的(de)(de)質量職(zhi)(zhi)責、工作接(jie)口和(he)相關(guan)的(de)(de)體(ti)系文(wen)件(jian)。
3、要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)車間提(ti)供受控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)清(qing)單(dan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)收發(fa)文(wen)記(ji)錄,了解本車間受控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)種類和(he)(he)(he)(he)范圍(wei),看(kan)車間所有(you)(you)(you)(you)與質量體系運行有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)各場所是否(fou)都能(neng)夠得到相應文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效版本。從受控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)清(qing)單(dan)中(zhong)抽查3—5種體系文(wen)件(jian)、管理文(wen)件(jian)、產品圖(tu)樣和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)規程,看(kan)是否(fou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)受控(kong)(kong)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(如:文(wen)件(jian)編號、部(bu)門標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)或(huo)受控(kong)(kong)印章),編、審、批手(shou)續(xu)是否(fou)完整。查閱圖(tu)紙看(kan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)標(biao)(biao)注關(guan)鍵(jian)或(huo)重要(yao)(yao)質量特(te)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)驗收準(zhun)則,工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是否(fou)與圖(tu)紙的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)致(zhi)并能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效指導生產。看(kan)文(wen)件(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)更(geng)改(gai),是否(fou)按規定的(de)(de)(de)程序(xu)由(you)授(shou)權人更(geng)改(gai)。看(kan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)受控(kong)(kong)文(wen)件(jian)清(qing)單(dan)外的(de)(de)(de)其他過期失效文(wen)件(jian)。對(dui)臨(lin)時工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)更(geng)改(gai)通(tong)知,看(kan)是否(fou)經(jing)過批準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)批次或(huo)期限要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。了解有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)留作參(can)考的(de)(de)(de)作廢(fei)文(wen)件(jian),看(kan)是否(fou)加(jia)蓋了“作廢(fei)留用(yong)”印章以防止(zhi)誤用(yong)。詢(xun)問(wen)本車間有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)關(guan)鍵(jian)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)或(huo)特(te)殊工(gong)(gong)序(xu),記(ji)錄必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)質量特(te)性、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)參(can)數和(he)(he)(he)(he)設備號以備現場核(he)對(dui)。
4、詢問車間現場工(gong)藝文件(jian)貫徹執行情(qing)(qing)況,要(yao)求提供關于工(gong)藝紀(ji)律(lv)檢(jian)查的文件(jian)和記錄。了解(jie)車間工(gong)藝紀(ji)律(lv)檢(jian)查怎樣組織(zhi),由誰參加,檢(jian)查的頻次(ci),發現了哪些情(qing)(qing)況,采取了哪些措施,效果(guo)怎樣。
5、詢問(wen)車間有(you)哪些(xie)生產設(she)備(bei)(bei),其中哪些(xie)是關鍵設(she)備(bei)(bei)或質(zhi)控點設(she)備(bei)(bei)?車間哪位(wei)領導主(zhu)管(guan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li),有(you)無專業(ye)維(wei)修人員,設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)大修、精度(du)檢修和(he)潤滑是否按規定(ding)的(de)時間進行,計劃調整是否經過授權(quan)領導或部(bu)門(men)批準(zhun),經過批準(zhun)延期使用的(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)有(you)無相應的(de)防范措施,設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)日(ri)常維(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)怎樣(yang)實施,有(you)無驗收標準(zhun),有(you)無定(ding)用檢查的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)。
6、詢問車間不合(he)格(ge)品控(kong)制和(he)(he)(he)糾正措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)實施(shi)(shi)情況,要求提供有(you)(you)關超差讓步使用(yong)的評審(shen)記錄(lu),看評審(shen)的程序(xu)和(he)(he)(he)批準是(shi)否符合(he)規(gui)定要求,合(he)同條件下(xia)是(shi)否經過(guo)顧客同意;非合(he)同條件下(xia),當影(ying)響下(xia)工序(xu)作業(ye)時(shi),是(shi)否通知(zhi)了(le)下(xia)工序(xu)以便(bian)采(cai)取相應(ying)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)無重復(fu)發生(sheng)的質(zhi)量問題(ti)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)戶(hu)質(zhi)量投訴,是(shi)否進(jin)行了(le)不合(he)格(ge)原因調查(cha)并采(cai)取了(le)糾正預(yu)防措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)是(shi)否規(gui)定了(le)責任人和(he)(he)(he)完成期限(xian),效果是(shi)否經過(guo)驗證,措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)能否防止同類問題(ti)的再發生(sheng),對行之有(you)(you)效的措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)是(shi)否納入了(le)有(you)(you)關技術或(huo)管理文件。
7、詢問車間哪位領導負(fu)責教育培訓工作(zuo),怎(zen)樣(yang)根(gen)據需求(qiu)安排培訓內(nei)容(rong),培訓計(ji)劃執(zhi)行怎(zen)樣(yang),關鍵工序、特殊工序、新進廠工人、轉崗工人是(shi)否(fou)都進行了(le)(le)相應內(nei)容(rong)的培訓。在(zai)哪些工序或場合使用了(le)(le)哪些統計(ji)技術,效果怎(zen)樣(yang)。
生產現場審核要點
生(sheng)產現(xian)場審核內容主要(yao)是(shi)對辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)審核中發現(xian)的問題線(xian)索進(jin)(jin)行(xing)追溯(su)跟蹤,對需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點審核的關(guan)鍵(jian)工(gong)序,特殊工(gong)序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)驗證,對在辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)審核中記錄的一些(xie)質量(liang)特性、工(gong)藝(yi)多數和一些(xie)重(zhong)要(yao)規(gui)定進(jin)(jin)行(xing)核實,通過觀(guan)察(cha)、測量(liang)等方式(shi)對車(che)間(jian)現(xian)場質量(liang)控制的有(you)效性作(zuo)出(chu)評價,為質量(liang)改進(jin)(jin)提供信息和機會。審核要(yao)點如下:
1、根據(ju)在(zai)交談和查(cha)閱資料過程中(zhong)發現的(de)問題(ti)線索(suo),利用順序跟(gen)蹤或逆向追溯(su)的(de)方法,收集客觀證據(ju),依據(ju)問題(ti)查(cha)管(guan)理(li),觀察在(zai)哪些管(guan)理(li)環節(jie)失控而導致了問題(ti)的(de)產生,從而為采(cai)取糾正措施提供依據(ju)。
2、驗證車間(jian)關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序受控情況,首先看(kan)(kan)(kan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)按質(zhi)(zhi)控點(dian)的(de)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)進行(xing)管理(li),有(you)無(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)控點(dian)文件,文件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)對(dui)影響質(zhi)(zhi)量特性的(de)主要(yao)(yao)因素分層展開分析并(bing)采取了(le)相應(ying)的(de)措(cuo)施。看(kan)(kan)(kan)作業指導書是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)對(dui)質(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)求、作業方(fang)法、檢(jian)(jian)驗手段、檢(jian)(jian)驗方(fang)法和頻次作出規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。觀(guan)過交談、觀(guan)察了(le)解操(cao)(cao)作者對(dui)文件規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)熟悉,并(bing)按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)操(cao)(cao)作。查(cha)(cha)看(kan)(kan)(kan)設(she)(she)備、工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)點(dian)檢(jian)(jian)表,看(kan)(kan)(kan)作業前是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)對(dui)設(she)(she)備、工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)進行(xing)了(le)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)進行(xing)精(jing)度檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu),發現的(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)及時解決。查(cha)(cha)看(kan)(kan)(kan)所用(yong)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測器具能(neng)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿足工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)(yao)求,是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)校準(zhun),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)超期(qi)使(shi)用(yong).是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)對(dui)質(zhi)(zhi)量數據進行(xing)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu),質(zhi)(zhi)量記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)的(de)填(tian)寫是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)作到了(le)真實、完整、準(zhun)確(que)、清晰,并(bing)采用(yong)了(le)適宜的(de)統計技術(shu)以及統計技術(shu)的(de)運用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)正確(que)。
3、驗(yan)證特殊工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)情況(kuang),機械行(xing)業的(de)(de)特殊工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)、鍛(duan)造(zao)、熱處理、油漆、焊(han)(han)接等(deng)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu).首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)看設(she)備能否滿足工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求,是否定(ding)期進行(xing)修(xiu)理和(he)維(wei)護,有無(wu)(wu)驗(yan)收確認的(de)(de)記(ji)錄。然后要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)驗(yan)證是否對規定(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參(can)數進行(xing)了監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)砂(sha)型(xing)硬度(du)、澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)溫(wen)度(du)、澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)進度(du);鍛(duan)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)始鍛(duan)和(he)終鍛(duan)溫(wen)度(du):熱處理要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電壓(ya)(ya)、電流,升溫(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、升溫(wen)速度(du)、保溫(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、出爐溫(wen)度(du)以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)作介質的(de)(de)化學成分;油漆工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣壓(ya)(ya)力、油漆粘度(du)、烘干(gan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)烘干(gan)濕度(du)等(deng);焊(han)(han)接工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電壓(ya)(ya)、電流及(ji)焊(han)(han)材(cai)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)情況(kuang)。特殊工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參(can)數,而且(qie)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)驗(yan)證監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)這些參(can)數的(de)(de)檢測試驗(yan)設(she)備是否處于受(shou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)狀態,有無(wu)(wu)鑒別過程結果的(de)(de)技藝(yi)規定(ding)準(zhun)則,以及(ji)從(cong)事特殊工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)作業人員的(de)(de)崗位培訓和(he)資格認可(ke)情況(kuang)。
4、除(chu)對關鍵(jian)工(gong)序(xu)和特殊工(gong)序(xu)受(shou)控情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)證外,還應(ying)關注(zhu)現場其它(ta)方(fang)面情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),例(li)如(ru)了解(jie)其它(ta)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)操(cao)作者持證上崗(gang)(gang)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),對工(gong)(gong)藝文件熟悉情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),觀察(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)按(an)工(gong)(gong)藝操(cao)作。在多品(pin)種大批量(liang)生產(chan)車(che)間,應(ying)觀察(cha)對外觀、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)相似而用(yong)途(tu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)行(xing)了區(qu)別際識:在裝(zhuang)配(pei)車(che)間對有(you)配(pei)組、配(pei)對裝(zhuang)配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)零件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)識以(yi)防(fang)止錯用(yong)、混用(yong),對來(lai)自(zi)不(bu)同(tong)分承包方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)種產(chan)品(pin)和讓步使用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)可追溯(su)性標(biao)識。觀察(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)按(an)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)、首檢(jian)(jian)、巡檢(jian)(jian).看最終檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)有(you)效(xiao)版本(ben),看是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項目、驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收標(biao)準、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)手段和檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)記錄(lu)(lu)、檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)和產(chan)品(pin)出廠技(ji)術條件的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)一致(zhi)。對不(bu)合(he)格(ge)品(pin)看是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)行(xing)了隔離、標(biao)識和按(an)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)權(quan)限(xian)進(jin)行(xing)評審。對返工(gong)(gong)返修產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)進(jin)行(xing)重新檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)并做(zuo)相應(ying)記錄(lu)(lu)。要驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)證檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)記錄(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實性、完整(zheng)性以(yi)及是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)授權(quan)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人員簽名(ming)和檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)日(ri)期,要驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)證檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人員持證上崗(gang)(gang)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),注(zhu)冊(ce)資(zi)格(ge)證書注(zhu)明的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)種與(yu)實際工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)一致(zhi)性。要觀察(cha)作業環境的(de)(de)(de)溫度、濕(shi)度、粉塵、照明、通風等情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)起否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding),觀察(cha)具有(you)精度要求的(de)(de)(de)零件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)工(gong)(gong)位(wei)器具,是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)落地存(cun)放(fang),搬運時是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)野蠻裝(zhuang)卸,能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)防(fang)止磕碰(peng)劃傷,在車(che)間半成品(pin)庫(ku)貯(zhu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin),看貯(zhu)存(cun)條件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)要求,能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)防(fang)止混料、銹(xiu)蝕(shi)、損壞和丟(diu)失等情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生。